RWANDA
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Location:
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Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo |
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Geographic coordinates:
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2 00 S, 30 00 E |
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Map references:
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Africa |
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Area:
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total: 26,338 sq km land: 24,948 sq km water: 1,390 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than Maryland |
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Land boundaries:
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total: 893 km border countries: Burundi 290 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 217 km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km |
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Climate:
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Temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible |
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Terrain:
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Mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with altitude declining from west to east |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Rusizi
River 950 m highest point: Volcan Karisimbi 4,519 m |
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Natural resources:
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gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore), methane, hydropower, arable land |
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Land use:
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arable land: 40.54% permanent crops: 12.16% other: 47.3% (2001) |
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Irrigated land:
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40 sq km (1998 est.) |
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Natural hazards:
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periodic droughts; the volcanic Virunga mountains are in the northwest along the border with Democratic Republic of the Congo |
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Environment - current issues:
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deforestation results from uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel; overgrazing; soil exhaustion; soil erosion; widespread poaching |
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Population:
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7,954,013 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 42.3%
(male 1,690,122; female 1,674,147) 15-64 years: 55% (male 2,178,956; female 2,194,526) 65 years and over: 2.7% (male 85,472; female 130,790) (2004 est.) |
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Median age:
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total: 18.2 years male: 18 years female: 18.4 years (2004 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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1.82% (2004 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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40.01 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
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Death rate:
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21.86 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2004 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 101.68
deaths/1,000 live births male: 106.68 deaths/1,000 live births female: 96.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population:
39.18 years male: 38.43 years female: 39.96 years (2004 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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5.55 children born/woman (2004 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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5.1% (2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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250,000 (2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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22,000 (2003 est.) |
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Nationality:
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noun: Rwandan(s) adjective: Rwandan |
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Ethnic groups:
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Hutu 84%, Tutsi 15%, Twa (Pygmoid) 1% |
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Religions:
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Roman Catholic 56.5%, Protestant 26%, Adventist 11.1%, Muslim 4.6%, indigenous beliefs 0.1%, none 1.7% (2001) |
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Languages:
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Kinyarwanda (official) universal Bantu vernacular, French (official), English (official), Kiswahili (Swahili) used in commercial centers |
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and
over can read and write total population: 70.4% male: 76.3% female: 64.7% (2003 est.) |
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People - note:
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Rwanda is the most densely populated country in Africa |
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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23,200 (2002) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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134,000 note: Rwanda has mobile cellular service between Kigali and several prefecture capitals (2003) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment:
telephone system primarily serves business and government domestic: the capital, Kigali, is connected to the centers of the prefectures by microwave radio relay and, recently, by cellular telephone service; much of the network depends on wire and HF radiotelephone international: country code - 250; international connections employ microwave radio relay to neighboring countries and satellite communications to more distant countries; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) in Kigali (includes telex and telefax service) |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 0, FM 3 (two main FM programs are broadcast through a system of repeaters and the third FM program is a 24 hour BBC program), shortwave 1 (2002) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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NA |
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Internet country code:
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.rw |
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Internet hosts:
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1,495 (2003) |
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Internet users:
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25,000 (2002) |
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Highways:
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total: 12,000 km paved: 996 km unpaved: 11,004 km (1999 est.) |
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Waterways:
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Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native craft (2004) |
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Ports and harbors:
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Cyangugu, Gisenyi, Kibuye |
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Airports:
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9 (2003 est.) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 4 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.) |